Egypt is home to a population of around 110 million people, with a young and productive median age of 23.9 years in 2021 (UNDESA, 2022). At purchasing power parity (PPP), it had a gross domestic product (GDP) of USD 1.33 trillion 1 in 2021, making Egypt the third-largest economy on the continent. Under the current World Bank classification, it is considered a lower-middle income country (World Bank, n.d.). Despite enjoying gradual economic growth, Egypt faces challenges including demograp
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