Seven years ago, we conducted our first seminal study on financialliteracy.¹ This latest update focuses on pension and longevity.In an aging world, longevity literacy is essential. The number ofpeople aged 65 years or older is expected to double from 806mn in2023 to 1.6bn in 2050 because of the demographic transition to longerlives and smaller families. Longevity literacy refers to understandingthe economic and personal implications of an increased lifespanafter retirement. Retirement