July 2021 Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data report Contents Executive summary ......................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... 4 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 5 Interview findings ............................................................................................................ 8 Current availability of local actor data in IATI................................................................ 10 The IATI-3W prototype tool ........................................................................................... 15 Organisations tab .................................................................................................... 15 Sectors tab .............................................................................................................. 16 Locations tab........................................................................................................... 17 Source code and data ............................................................................................. 18 Conclusion and recommendations................................................................................ 19 Key recommendations ............................................................................................ 19 Next steps for the IATI-3W prototype tool............................................................... 20 Appendix A: Local and national actors in IATI .............................................................. 21 Notes ............................................................................................................................. 24 Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 1 Executive summary The limited visibility of local and national organisations1 in humanitarian open aid data adds to the challenges of meeting and tracking the Grand Bargain commitment to provide more direct support to local and national actors. In support of the Grand Bargain transparency workstream and with funding from the Netherlands’ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Development Initiatives (DI) explored the technical options for increasing the visibility of local and national actors in International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI) data. In this pilot project, DI looked specifically at Somalia, examining how the activities of local Somali organisations could gain visibility and better integration in the IATI data ecosystem – without placing any additional reporting or technical burdens on those organisations. This was achieved by investigating additional data sources at the local and national levels and exploring the potential for data interoperability to enable a clearer picture of on-the-ground activities. The Somali organisations interviewed for this report were eager for their aid activities to have more international visibility. They also wanted the opportunity to work directly with international government donors, without intermediation by multilateral organisations or international NGOs. However, both the local organisations and the international government donors pointed to a series of systemic barriers that hindered these outcomes, including the difficulty of learning about local partners and the problem of trust (donors often do not recognise the certifications and qualifications that local organisations hold). The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)’s monthly 3W (who? what? where?) reports are less detailed than IATI, but they contain information about more local activities and actors. While it was not possible to trace specific activities and financial flows, we were able to create a prototype tool that combines 3W and IATI data for Somalia to produce a much richer picture of the aid work in the country that better represents the foundational role of local organisations. Once information about local actors is integrated with existing IATI data, it is possible for international donors to become better informed in a number of ways. Specifically, they can discover: • Who the local organisations are • What international partners the local organisations have worked with previously (potential references) • What sectors the local organisations have worked in (skills and qualifications) • What districts and regions the local organisations have worked in (local knowledge). Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 2 Likewise, local and national organisations can improve their international visibility by: • Receiving the acknowledgement they deserve for their aid activities • Directing international donors to their past experience in specific locations and sectors • Establishing their international credentials by referring to past partnerships with international actors. Interviews conducted for this report confirm how this information could go far in bridging the trust and knowledge gap that currently exists between international government donors and local organisations, as well as enhance transparency of the humanitarian system by contributing to a more expansive and interoperable source of open data on activities. The aim of this project was to begin to show what is technically feasible using existing data sources to expand understanding of local activities and their linkages to international activities/funding. The prototype demonstrates a significant potential in enhancing data interoperability down to the local and national levels. With the strategic prioritisation of localisation under the Grand Bargain 2.0 framework, this should be further explored and expanded in order to improve opportunities for localisation and enhance accountability of associated funding commitments. This report highlights the technical methodology we pursued through our prototype tool development, key findings and recommendations for next steps. Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 3 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank all of the organisations, Somalia-based and international, who shared information about local aid action and provided feedback for the tool. We would also like to express our appreciation to the organisations who compile and update the data that our tool uses: OCHA Somalia for the 3W data, and the D-Portal service for the IATI data. This report was authored by David Megginson, external consultant, and Mark Brough, Senior Technical Advisor to Development Initiatives (DI). Verity Outram (Senior Humanitarian and Transparency Policy Advisor at DI) provided editorial guidance. Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 4 Introduction Where are the local actors? As part of the Grand Bargain, which was launched in 2016, aid organisations and donor countries committed both to greater humanitarian aid transparency using the International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI) standard, and to more direct funding for local actors. As highlighted by DI’s analysis of localisation in the Global Humanitarian Assistance reports and ongoing monitoring of humanitarian transparency, it is difficult to determine how well donors are meeting these commitments because the activities of local actors are mostly missing from or not clearly identified in the IATI information ecosystem. During the 2020 Annual Meeting, Grand Bargain signatories reaffirmed their commitment to the enhanced traceability of humanitarian assistance. They confirmed a need to prioritise local and national actors, ensuring that all organisations – including smaller ones – have the tools to publish and use data and by encouraging signatories to publish downstream partner data in IATI to enable better tracking of localisation (the ability to measure how much money is flowing directly from international donors to local/national organisations, without passing through the hands of intermediaries). Without this information – as long as local and national actors remain nearly invisible in the IATI data ecosystem – it is difficult to measure progress towards the Grand Bargain localisation goal. While there is a need to increase data availability, there is a recognition that this must be done in such a way that does not increase the burden on local and national actors by, for instance, requiring direct IATI publication. After evaluating over 12 countries with major international humanitarian crisis response, we decided to focus on Somalia for the pilot, for the following reasons. • The Somalia country office of the UN’s Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) compiles and updates the consolidated (multi-cluster) 3W monthly. • All activities are geolocated to the admin2 level (second-level administrative subdivisions, such as counties in the United States, or sub-prefectures in Guinea). • The 3W lists funding, programming and implementing partners for many activities. • The 3W lists start and end dates for all activities. • There are many IATI activities published for Somalia, some of which explicitly mention local actors. Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 5 A review of the 1,076 activities for Somalia published to IATI between January 2020–May 2021, reveals the following information. • None of the 80 publishing organisations identified itself as a local or national actor. • Of the 3,822 instances a participating organisation (partner) was mentioned, only 32 – fewer than one percent – were identified as local or national actors, and most of those mentions came from a single reporting organisation (Oxfam Novib). • None of the 17,215 provider or receiver organisations in transactions was identified as a local or national actor. Based solely on IATI publishers’ reports, one might come to the incorrect conclusion that local and national actors play an insignificant role in Somalia aid work, and that there are few capable and experienced local organisations for donor organisations to fund directly. Fortunately, the work of local actors is more visible in the UN humanitarian system’s monthly 3W (who? what? where?) reports, compiled by OCHA Somalia. While these contain fewer details about each activity, the activities themselves are far more granular than typical IATI reports from international publishers (Box 1). For example, while we found just over 1,000 activities reported for Somalia over 17 months via IATI, we found nearly 24,000 activities reported in just a single month’s 3W snapshot. Since these activities are smaller and more localised, they are more likely to shed light on the work of local and national actors. The main subject of this report is a prototype web tool built by DI on behalf of the Grand Bargain Transparency workstream and funded by the Netherlands’ Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The prototype’s goal is to explore the feasibility of combining 3W and IATI data in order to increase the international visibility of local and national actors without placing additional reporting burdens on them. Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 6 Box 1: IATA and 3W Data Comparison Format Continuity Sector IATI Hierarchical XML Cumulative Development and humanitarian 3W Flat spreadsheet Snapshot Humanitarian only Geographical coverage Geolocation Global Subnational often missing Only countries with major humanitarian emergencies Admin2 or lower Local/national actors Metadata Curation Project dates Financial data Rarely Often Detailed project descriptions Minimal project titles Self-reported Coordinated by OCHA Always Often missing Always Rare Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 7 Interview findings Before building the tool, the team carried out remote consultations with local and international aid actors in Somalia to better understand their engagement with aid data to date; the extent to which their data needs were met with their current resources; the barriers to international government donors and local/national organisations working together directly (without intermediaries); and local/national organisations’ attitudes towards the increased international visibility of their activities. Interview findings are summarised below2: • Local NGO: Local Somali NGOs would be very interested in sustainable funding directly from donor countries, rather than piecework contracts as implementing partners for international intermediaries. • Local NGO: Some contracts with some international organisations restrict local Somali NGOs from publishing information about their work. • Local NGO: Many Somali NGOs would appreciate the chance to have international recognition for their activities. • OECD donor: It is usually too difficult to tell from their headquarters whether a local NGO in Somalia has the qualifications and experience for a contract. • Local NGO: The international certifications required to get funding directly from a donor are unattainable for most Somali NGOs. One NGO wasted months trying for one contract after being solicited by the donor. • Local NGO: Somali NGOs look mainly to their government(s) for information about the work of other organisations, and sometimes to the UN 3W, but never to IATI or the OECD CRS. • [Redacted]: There is systemic racism in the international aid system that works against giving direct funding or credit to local actors. In brief, the interviews suggest that the Grand Bargain commitment to more direct local funding faces two overarching barriers, which improved traceability could address. The barriers include the difficulty for: • International donors to learn about potential local partners with the appropriate skills • Local actors to acquire the international certifications necessary to work directly with international donors. Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 8 Currently, multilateral agencies and international NGOs act as go-betweens, with the skills and certifications recognised by the government donors internationally, combined with local knowledge and long-established partnerships with local actors. If government donors and other large international aid organisations are to work directly with local and national actors, they will need to know: • Who the local actors are • What skills and experience the local actors have • Where the local actors work. These three questions – who, what, and where – are the foundation for any aid activity reporting. Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 9 Current availability of local actor data in IATI The International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI) is based on self-published data. Compared to centralised aid-tracking systems like the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) or OCHA’s Financial Tracking Service (FTS), IATI has three unique advantages. Open access: there is no gatekeeper deciding which organisations can or can’t report. Publication speed: there is no delay for central curation, as the information is available the moment an organisation chooses to share it. Agency: each organisation shares its own numbers, unmodified by any algorithms or manual reconciliation. IATI is also built around traceability. Instead of solely describing an organisation’s activities and expenditure, it also details the other organisations involved, the movement of money between the organisations, and future spending plans. In principle, all of these advantages should work to the benefit of local and national actors, especially those that lack the necessary international recognition for one of the centralised data systems to include their reports. Any organisation, no matter how small, can participate in the IATI ecosystem simply by putting an XML file on the web and signing up to the IATI registry. In practice, however, there are many barriers that prevent local and national actors from having a significant presence in IATI. • Technical capacity: creating an IATI activity report, placing it online and registering it require a higher degree of technical capacity than many local actors possess. The challenge lies not only in generating an XML file, but also in understanding the financial rules, constraints and classification code lists that drive IATI. • Poor taxonomy support: IATI was originally designed with OECD donors in mind. This is apparent in IATI’s classifications, which have an overwhelming focus on matters of interest to OECD donors, multilateral organisations such as UN agencies, and international NGOs. Until recent IATI releases, the IATI Organisation Type code list did not even support identifying an aid organisation unambiguously as a local actor (code 10, “Government”, and code 22, “National NGO”, are both ambiguous, and often used for the donor country). • Lack of acknowledgement: international actors can credit their local partners as “participating organisations” in their own IATI data, but rarely bother to do so. Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 10 For this project, we considered all IATI activities for Somalia between January 2020–May 2021 (visually displayed in Figure 1). As mentioned earlier, we did not find a single activity where the reporting organisation identified itself with code 24 “Partner countrybased NGO” (the new code to identify local actors), nor did we find anywhere the reporting organisation identified itself with code 72 “Private sector in aid recipient country”. Out of several thousand activities, there were a handful that used code 24 or code 72 to identify a participating organisation, but the majority of those were from just one international reporting organisation: the Netherland’s Oxfam Novib. Figure 1: Current availability of international, regional and local actor data in IATI for Somalia International Regional Local Unclassified Source: https://iati-3w.humportal.org/network Notes: IATI = International Aid Transparency Initiative. Network of aid actors working together on at least one project in Somalia from January 2020 to May 2021, from the IATI data. These are predominantly international (blue nodes), but after manual identification, some local actors (red nodes) did appear. See https://iati3w.humportal.org/network. As this report will outline, local and national actors are present in IATI data for Somalia, but they are rarely identified properly. Many of them appear only as names for participating or receiver organisations, with no organisation identifier or type code (see Appendix A: Local/national actors in IATI). If these mentions were more easily identifiable, it would be possible to connect local actors to the rest of the aid ecosystem and better acknowledge the work of local and national actors do. It would do so without imposing the burden of learning complex financial and technical requirements to report to IATI themselves. This is where the 3Ws (who? what? where?) data can help. Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 11 Figure 2: Local actor information in 3W reports for Somalia International Regional Local Unclassified Source: https://iati-3w.humportal.org/network. Notes: Network of aid actors working together on at least one project in the March 2021 Somalia 3W data. Local actors are much more prominent (though they were not consistently labelled and some manual identification was still necessary). The international actors (blue nodes) represent potential connection points with the IATI data. See https://iati-3w.humportal.org/network. The UN-led Who? What? Where? (3W) activity reports compiled for use in humanitarian responses serve a very different purpose than that of international initiatives like IATI, the OECD DAC, or OCHA’s FTS. The primary goal of a 3W is local coordination, not international transparency or awareness. Each humanitarian crisis (usually corresponding to a country) has its own consolidated 3W, typically compiled by an OCHA field office from humanitarian-cluster 3Ws. For instance, for a specific country, a UN office might combine 3W reports from the Health cluster, the Nutrition Cluster, the Camp Coordination cluster, and any others involved in the response. 3W reports have the advantage that the information is collected in-country rather than from international headquarters. As a result, 3Ws invariably provide a more local perspective: a single country-wide IATI activity might correspond to dozens of local activities in a 3W report. For Somalia, our project identified more than 10 times as many 3W activities than IATI activities, despite the fact that 3Ws contain only current, not historical, activities. Local actors often have a strong presence in 3W reports, though the 3W might not explicitly identify them as such. And in general, 3W data is localised at least to the admin2 level, while many IATI activities are reported only nationally. There are, however, some significant challenges in using 3W data to improve the visibility of local actors. • Most 3W data is a snapshot of activities occurring at a specific time, and it is difficult to identify activities that carry over from one report to the next. • 3W data generally has no financial information. Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 12 • 3W has poor support for traceability: while some (like the Somalia 3W) mention funding and implementing partners, many report only a single organisation for each activity (typically the programming partner), and none show connections to other activities. • Aside from UN P-codes3 for administrative subdivisions, 3W data rarely uses identifiers or codelists, so analysis is necessarily based on string matching. • Some 3Ws focus only on operational presence, listing clusters and administrative subdivisions where organisations are working, without including specific activity descriptions. • 3Ws are available only for humanitarian activities, and only for countries with major humanitarian crises. Given that the strengths and weaknesses of 3W and IATI data, described in the preceding sections, are largely complementary, the idea of combining them was compelling (Figure 3). • The IATI data contains information about how organisations and activities are connected internationally. • The 3W data provides more information about which local actors are participating in the humanitarian system. Figure 3: IATI and 3W data for Somalia combined International Regional Local Unclassified Source: https://iati-3w.humportal.org/network Notes: IATI = International Aid Transparency Initiative. Combined network of aid actors working together on at least one project from both the IATI and 3W data. Local actors (red nodes) are much more prominent, though Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 13 they were not consistently labelled, and some manual identification was still necessary. The international actors (blue nodes) served as the primary connection points for combining. See https://iati-3w.humportal.org/network. IATI data often isn’t localised subnationally or is localised only to the national capital. Adding 3W to the IATI gives a more accurate picture of where international aid projects are happening within a partner country; in this case, we see that there is a concentration of aid activities in the Gedo and Bay Regions that was not apparent when looking solely at the IATI data in May 2020 (Figure 4). Figure 4: Aid activity data in Somalia IATI IATI+3W D Source: https://iati-3w.humportal.org/locations Notes: IATI = International Aid Transparency Initiative. Darker blue indicates more activities. See https://iati3w.humportal.org/locations for the latest data. Combining different datasets requires a shared key, but since 3W data does not include activity identifiers, there was no key for combining activities directly; instead, our visualisation focuses on different approaches to combining the data: Which activities share the same locations? Which activities are associated with the same sector? Which activities involve the same organisations? We found that all three of these allowed us to combine IATI and 3W activities and actors into a single large network. In particular, we were able to uncover connections among local, regional, and international actors which would not have been apparent looking at either IATI or 3W data in isolation, and we believe that all of these could potentially make it easier for government donors and local actors to work together directly. Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 14 The IATI-3W prototype tool The IATI-3W prototype tool, developed by Mark Brough and David Megginson, makes it possible to see the connections among Organisations, Sectors, and Locations (regions and districts of Somalia) in both the IATI and the 3W data. At the top of every page, there is a selector that allows you to see just the IATI data, just the 3W data, or both. Organisations tab The Organisations tab lists all of the organisations that we have identified in the 3W and IATI data, under the headings “Local/national actors”, “Regional actors” (based in Africa outside Somalia), “International actors”, and “Undetermined actors” (those who we have not had the opportunity to research and classify) (Figure 5). Figure 5: Regions in Somalia where SCC works Awdal Region (1 activity) Baki District 1 activity Banadir (Mogadishu) Region (335 activities) Daynile District 2 activities Hodan District 2 activities Bay Region (348 activities) Baydhaba District 284 activities Buur Hakaba District 22 activities Diinsoor District 26 activities Qansax Dheere District 16 activities Lower Shabelle Region (1 activity) Afgooye District 1 activity Middle Shabelle Region (3 activities) Jowhar District 1 activity Source: https://iati-3w.humportal.org/organisations/scc. Note: SCC = Somali Community Concern. Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 15 Selecting a specific actor, such as the Somali Community Concern (SCC) NGO, allows you to drill down and see various types of information about the organisation, including the other organisations they have worked with, the humanitarian and OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) sectors they’ve worked in, and the regions where they have worked in Somalia. In the case of SCC, a government donor using the prototype tool to find local partners could discover that this local Somali NGO has partnered with both the Danish Refugee Council and OCHA on projects, that they’ve worked in the Education, Protection, and WASH humanitarian clusters, and that their work has been concentrated especially in four districts of Bay Region, though they’ve also worked in surrounding regions. Sectors tab The Sectors tab gives an overview of which humanitarian clusters are active in Somalia (Figure 6). For IATI data — which typically uses OECD DAC sector codes rather than humanitarian clusters — we have mapped to the closest humanitarian clusters. Figure 6: Humanitarian clusters active in Somalia, sized relative to the number of activities Source: https://iati-3w.humportal.org/sectors Note: FSC = Food Security Cluster Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 16 An international organisation looking to fund a local Somali NGO for nutrition work could drill down to the page for the Nutrition cluster and discover that there are 34 local Somali organisations with documented experience in the area. Selecting one of those organisations listed, such as the Gargaar Relief Development Organization (GREDO), will let the potential funding partner see what other organisations GREDO has worked with (for potential references), what regions and districts GREDO has worked in, and a list of the specific activities that GREDO has been involved in. It is also possible to get an overview of where a humanitarian cluster has been most active in Somalia, including a map. Locations tab The Locations tab gives a list of regions and districts in Somalia, with the ability to drill down into a specific location to see what organisations, sectors, and activities have been associated with it. For example, if an international organisation were looking for partners in the Diinsoor District of Bay Region, they could select that district and see the list of local Somali organisations with experience working there, such as the Himilo Relief and Development Association (HIRDA), and then view information about HIRDA, include its project, partners, and sectors of expertise. Figure 7: Aid activities in Somalia by region Source: https://iati-3w.humportal.org/locations/ Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 17 Source code and data All of the source code and data is freely available online: • Source code (front end): www.github.com/devinit/iati3w-web • Source code (back end): www.github.com/devinit/iati3w-data • Data (updated nightly): www.github.com/devinit/iati3w-data/tree/gh-pages Much of the work in building the tool was data preparation, especially identifying local actors and creating a map of variant spellings, which is available in inputs/org-map.json in the iati3w-data repository. Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 18 Conclusion and recommendations Transparency has an important role to play in supporting the realisation of the Grand Bargain localisation commitments. However, local and national actors have to date been by and large missing from international data initiatives such as International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI), OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC), and Financial Tracking Service (FTS). Combining IATI with 3W data has helped to identify many local actors who were otherwise not properly labelled as such by IATI publishers. It has also helped uncover relationships among organisations, their experience working in sectors, and their local knowledge of districts of regions – all of which are essential knowledge for any international donor considering working directly with local organisations. Unfortunately, many countries do not have 3W reports, and not all 3W reports are as detailed as OCHA Somalia’s. Local sources like 3W or country aid-management platforms may have an important role to play in making local actors more visible, but the long-term solution is for IATI publishers themselves to review their current practices and commit proper publication of data on their local partners. This project has identified Oxfam Novib in the Netherlands as a model publisher for others to follow. Key recommendations We recommend the following additional best practices for IATI publishing Grand Bargain signatories. • Consistently use the name of the organisation you work with wherever possible. • Credit all local partners you work with for an activity, both as participating organisations at the activity level, and as receiver organisations at the transaction level. • Label those organisations with an unambiguous local code from the Organisation Type code list: 24 (Partner Country based NGO) or 72 (Private Sector in Aid Recipient Country). We recommend the following for the enhancement of the IATI Standard itself. • Add unambiguous Organisation Type codes for Governments and Local Governments in the aid-recipient country (the current codes 10 and 11 can refer to a government or local government in any country). Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 19 With these changes, we believe that IATI could fill much of the existing transparency gap between international and local actors. However, local sources like 3W can provide additional valuable information about local and national activity, especially when we combine activities based on shared organisations, sectors, and locations. 3W data itself could become more consistently interoperable with IATI data if OCHA offices standardised a few practices: • Include the funding, programming and implementing organisation when available (the Somalia 3W is a good model to follow) • Include start and end dates for activities • Spell out organisation names, since acronyms may have different meanings in other countries, languages or regions • Consider including a unique identifier in each activity, so that it is possible to trace an activity from one 3W report to the next. We recommend that OCHA and IATI engage in discussions to better understand how interoperability between 3W and IATI data could be scaled in the future. Next steps for the IATI-3W prototype tool The IATI-3W Explorer was developed as a prototype to demonstrate the potential benefits of integrating these two datasets. Even in its current form, it provides a useful way of making these two datasets accessible. To further enhance the understanding and use of these data sources, there are a number of ways the tool could be further developed: • Include financial data: although 3W does not contain any financial data, it might be possible to include financial data from IATI, in order to provide an additional way of viewing activities and their relative importance • Include needs data: Humanitarian Response Plans often contain quite granular information on the needs of affected populations. This could provide an additional lens through which activities could be viewed • Expand the prototype to include additional countries. Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 20 Appendix A: Local and national actors in IATI The following figures were collected from IATI activity reports for Somalia from January 2020–May 2021. They correlate an organisation’s involvement with an activity (reportingorg, participating-org, provider-org, or receiver-org) with the organisation type from the IATI Organisation Type codelist and the presence or absence of an organisation identifier (the IATI @ref attribute). Involvement Reporting Participating Organisation type 10 - Government With org ref 668 15 - Other Public Sector 176 21 - International NGO 150 22 - National NGO 206 40 - Multilateral 1,184 60 - Foundation 12 70 - Private Sector 14 80 - Academic, Training and Research 12 90 - Other 2 Totals 2,424 10 - Government 2,149 11 - Local Government 0 15 - Other Public Sector 460 21 - International NGO 422 22 - National NGO 110 23 - Regional NGO 14 Without org ref 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 326 3 7 178 311 6 Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 21 Involvement Provider Organisation type 24 - Partner Country based NGO With org ref 1 30 - Public Private Partnership 9 40 - Multilateral 2,070 60 - Foundation 14 70 - Private Sector 113 71 - Private Sector in Provider 3 Country 72- Private Sector in Aid Recipient 2 Country 80 - Academic, Training and Research 15 90 - Other 15 (unspecified) 467 Totals 5,864 10 - Government 597 15 - Other Public Sector 525 21 - International NGO 276 22 - National NGO 49 40 - Multilateral 3,330 60 - Foundation 74 70 - Private Sector 805 80 - Academic, Training and Research 0 90 - Other 0 (unspecified) 3,229 Totals 8,885 10 - Government 10 Without org ref 35 74 997 2 142 0 4 32 16 325 2,458 29 0 6 11 267 0 31 13 6 6,445 6,808 177 Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 22 Involvement Receiver organisation Organisation type 15 - Other Public Sector With org ref 79 21 - International NGO 959 22 - National NGO 13 23 - Regional NGO 0 30 - Public Private Partnership 20 40 - Multilateral 1,418 60 - Foundation 10 70 - Private Sector 564 80 - Academic, Training and Research 103 90 - Other 1 (unspecified) 1,630 Totals 4807 Without org ref 0 46 118 4 0 3 0 110 22 16 2,664 3160 Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 23 Notes 1 The definition of ‘local’ or ‘national’ actors is somewhat fluid. This project assumes that a local or national actor is one headquartered in the aid-recipient country (as far as was determinable). For a more formal definition, see section III of the Definitions Paper from the IASC’s Localisation Marker Working Group (IASC, January 2018). 2 While some interviewees agreed to speak on the record, responses have been anonymised in this report. 3 Read more about UN P-codes at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_code (accessed 22 July 2021). Improving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid dataImproving the visibility of local and national actors in humanitarian aid data / devinit.org 24 Development Initiatives (DI) applies the power of data and evidence to build sustainable solutions. Our mission is to work closely with partners to ensure datadriven evidence and analysis are used effectively in policy and practice to end poverty, reduce inequality and increase resilience. While data alone cannot bring about a better world, it is a vital part of achieving it. Data has the power to unlock insight, shine a light on progress and empower people to increase accountability. Content produced by Development Initiatives is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license, unless stated otherwise on an image or page. Contact Verity Outram Senior Humanitarian and Transparency Policy Advisor verity.outram@Devinit.org To find out more about our work visit: www.devinit.org Twitter: @devinitorg Email: info@devinit.org Development Initiatives is the trading name of Development Initiatives Poverty Research Ltd, registered in England and Wales, Company No. 06368740, and DI International Ltd, registered in England and Wales, Company No. 5802543. 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